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This paper describes how motor speed can be used to deduce items of practical interest. With respect to equipment loading, gearbox torque can be deduced from motor speed and the relationship between speed and motor torque. Unit balance can be sensed and counterbalance can be adjusted to minimize loading and to conserve power. An unexpected result is that reasonably precise dynamometer cards can be inferred from motor speed and unit geometry, even without use of a dynamometer.

An open-hole completed lateral CO, WAG injection well in the San Andres formation had not performed as desired in developing a sweep of upper structure pay and indications were that an injection profile problem existed. It was ascertained that all injection fluids were entering into a known 30-40 ft. interval approximately 230 ft from the toe of this 1,337-ft horizontal lateral rendering the remaining lateral section ineffective.

Carnegie Production Company operates wells in the Appalachian Basin throughout the states of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. A typical well is completed with 4.5" OD casing in multiple zones with multiple sets of perforations between 3000" to 6000". Liquid loading is a common problem in these wells due to insufficient flow rates to remove liquids. Liquid loading decreases production and occasionally will completely shut-off production. Frequent swabbing, rod pumps, siphon strings, tubing plungers are some methods used to remove these fluids.

It has been estimated that almost half a million oil wells today use V-best drives to transmit power from a prime mover to the pumping unit. Of all the desirable characteristic of the V-belt drive as a power transmission medium- such characteristics as resilience, dependability, adaptability, compactness, ease of speed change, and cleanliness- perhaps the major characteristic responsible for this widespread use of V-belt drives is the fact that inherently they need very little care.

The Austin chalk formation in Van field, Van Zandt County, Texas, USA, was identified as a candidate for infill drilling and recompletion. For the program to be economically successful, total well costs would have to be significantly reduced without compromising production performance. To achieve total systems cost reduction, a team of management, engineering and field personnel from both the operator and supplier was formed. The team's charter was to create a workover program that reduced the total operating cost by 25% without a detrimental effect on production.

For years engineers have known the value of elevated temperature cooling of internal combustion engines. As far back as 1916, Muir, Rushmore, Harrison, and others applied cooling systems to automobile engines which they called "controlled temperature," "steam cooling," and "evaporative cooling." While tests included operating at various controlled pressures to raise or lower the boiling point of the coolant, the control utilizing the natural law of boiling was found to be the most suitable.

Presents applications, design consideration, and economics of variable speed drives. Horsepower and torque requirements are shown for these applications.

The casing and tubing are subjected to have become increasingly more severe. Therefore, the manufacturer and user have had to find ways to perform non-destructive tests to measure the performance properties of these tubes. Wells are not only being drilled deeper but more areas of high pressure are being encountered. Secondary recovery projects quite often increase the working pressure under which the tubes operate. The stimulating processes for oil and gas wells, such as fracturing and acidizing, have brought about new demands on tubular goods.

The Petroleum Technology Transfer Council (PTTC) is a national organization established in 1993 to provide technology transfer to independent oil and gas operators. The organization is a funded partnership between DOE, state agencies and industry, which is headquartered in Houston with 10 regional offices serving all producing states. The PTTC Texas- Permian Basin was established in 1999 to assist the PTTC Texas RLO; the Bureau of Economic Geology. This paper will discuss the methodologies PTTC has utilized for transferring technology.

This paper summarizes the case history of the implementation of VeriTrax, a fully integrated chemical delivery and data management system. This is a computerized system that automates the processes involved in the provision of production chemicals, allowing for increased accuracy of chemical usage and tank levels for operators, and increased efficacy of chemical delivery and billing through a fully integrated SAP-based system.

The dynagraph animater is a device whereby we reproduce in miniature what happens at the pump as disclosed by the dynagraph. Guided by the dynagraph, we construct charts upon a cylindrical surface so that when viewed, while, rotating, through a fixed slot the motion of the rod system of the well and the pump action become animated - that is, they come to life and move, though on a reduced scale, quite as in the actual pumping well.

Since 2001, over 1,450 patented Vortex tools have been sold into markets worldwide. On the surface, these Vortex tools set up a stable spiraling flow that keeps liquids from dropping out, prevents freezing, reduces pressures and mitigates paraffin build-up. Downhole, Vortex tools enable wells to flow below the critical rate as well as lowering the bottom hole pressure and reducing surfactant use by up to 50%. With no moving parts, all Vortex tools are virtually maintenance free.

Today the oil and gas industry is on the front end of a serious labor shortage, with an impending loss of senior expertise to retirement. University programs in petroleum engineering and the geosciences have declined in enrollment as a result of reduced hiring by oil and gas companies. The industry has a poor public relations image that further alienates young talent. Education will play a key role in solving the serious labor shortage that already affects domestic oil and gas operations. Short-term, companies will need to provide incentives to keep talented professionals working longer.

Under balanced horizontal drilling (ubhd

The use of wash tanks for emulsion treating has been employed in the oil field for many years, even though direct fired vessels have been the most popular treating device in recent times. With the present concern for energy conservation, and with the ever-increasing value of residue gas, cold treating of emulsion with a wash tank may be the most attractive method in many applications. Regular production stock tanks have been adequately utilized as wash tanks in "stripper" operations where the quantity of emulsion and producing GOR is small.

In any water flood project the operator may take one of two routes regarding water analyses made at the start of the project and during its life. The other, a more desirable route, is to have pertinent analyses made at the beginning and periodically during the life of the project. This paper outlines some of the problems that can occur as the result of changes in injection water. Corrosion of equipment and piping, plugging of the producing sand, scale formations, and the role of bacteria are discussed.

The paper will attempt to present the law of Texas and adjoining states relating to the use and ownership of water as such law concerns and should be of interest to the oil and gas lease owner and operator. The paper will discuss such subjects as ownership of the fresh water and salt water under grant, reservation, lease or permit; right of user of the surface owner, the mineral owner, and the oil and gas lessee; regulation by the State and its governmental agencies; and responsibility for wrongful use, loss, or pollution.

Many ESP failure modes result in the ingress of water into the motor resulting ultimately in motor electrical failure. Knowing that the isolation of the motor from well fluid has been compromised. Would allow the option of pulling the unit before electrical failure, significantly reducing the cost of repair. Various methods have been used to monitor insulation resistance to determine the electrical condition of the motor and cable, however, these methods are relatively expensive, and do not provide an indication until the insulation system has already been affected.

Among the peculiarities of producing an oil well which is involved in a secondary recovery project by water flooding, it is probably outstanding that the performance history of such a well can be expected to be in exact reverse order of that expected from a normal primary producing well. At the outset of a water flood project, the normal producing well is a marginal producer or "stripper," possibly making only one or two barrels daily.

The correct application of equipment on waterflood projects has become difficult and confusing to the waterflood operator during the past several years due to the multitude of equipment available which will perform the same function. This paper is being presented to pass on information that might help eliminate a portion of this confusion. It is based on observations and past experience of the writer.

Before discussing the various types of problems which arise when water is injected during waterflood operations, it is advisable to define the term "satisfactory intake rate". This is not as easy to define as it might seem, and a clear definition which will fit all cases is not possible.

This paper presents the application of an organically crosslinked polymer system (OCP), a system widely used in the oil industry for water shutoff applications. The OCP system is based on a copolymer of acrylamide and t-butyl acrylate (PAtBA) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (PEI). To date, more than 300 jobs have been performed worldwide and at least about 100 jobs have been done in Mexico with this system to address conformance problems such as: water coning/cresting, high-permeability streaks, gravel pack isolation, fracture shutoff, and casing leak repair.

The significance and importance of water to the Oil and Gas Industry cannot be overstated. While water is often an unwanted by-product of production, water is utilized in many production scenarios and is often times the primary driver for the production of oil. Water, by its inherent nature, will dissolve and carry many impurities within it. These impurities will remain in equilibrium with each other until acted upon by some outside force.

Waterflooding in the Caprock Queen Field began with a pilot waterflood initiated in 1956. Today, essentially the entire field is under waterflood. There are 13 different projects in operation; eleven are units while two are of the cooperative type. All P3 projects have utilized 80- acre five-spot patterns. This case history is presented in order to depict the general performance of 13 successful Queen Sand waterfloods, and should be helpful in predicting the performance of other waterfloods that may be initiated in similar reservoirs.

This paper reviews the history of pilot waterflood projects in the Panhandle. It discusses specific floods and results obtained from them.