The use of computer-generated software to predict radio frequency (RF) path studies has been around for several years. Combined with the latest GPS and Google map data, you can determine how well your network will work, its RF path link reliability, link budgets, Fresnel zones, multi-path and if you mat need to invest in different towers, use more repeater or add additional technologies to try to cover the area you need for data communications.
Long term scale inhibition and economic enhancement is a desired outcome for oil and gas operators. The completion phase of a well involves hydraulic fracturing, which involves the introduction of a mixture of water and specially engineered chemicals pumped at high pressures and rates to achieve a fracture into a low permeable formation. Due to these mix waters, pressure, fluctuations, and temperature variations form the fracturing operation, liquid scale inhibition chemicals are typically pumped 'on the fly' throughout the fracturing treatment.
Alternatives need to be considered for delivering chemical treatments to rod pump wells. This paper reviews the problems with the current treating methods and proposes an alternative that mitigates the problems wit the current procedures. This alternative uses a circulating treating skid to displace chemical treatments through a filtering system. Operational criteria for the CT skid are discussed as well as its cost effectiveness compared with current practices.
Are the new flaring regulations creating more headaches for you? Are your sites ready for the April 2014 compliance date? Is the definition of a flare, enclosed flare, combustor, and thermal oxidizer creating confusion and heartburn? Join us in a healthy discussion to help eliminate the troubles… We’ll discuss what the differences are between flares, engineered flares, and enclosed combustors. We’ll also discuss criteria used to size and select an enclosed combustor, regulatory drivers, emission figures, data logging
The Chemistry of Chlorine Dioxide is finding application in oilfield water treatment. The team at Aegis has adapted for the efficient delivery of C102 in both Frac water treatment as well as produced and flow-back water.
Chlorine Dioxide has a positive environmental profile and has proven to benefit the health and profitability of Oilfield systems.
A new federal air quality rule governing midstream and upstream activity is in effect. The rule, also known by its more formal citation 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart OOOO, or ‘New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Subpart Quad O’ contains new regulations and revisions to existing statutes.
When installed in the liquid leg of the separator, Vortex Tools spin and entrain harmful hydrocarbon vapors from the gas, thereby increasing the oil recovery. By doing so, operators remaining compliance with EPA air quality emissions while recovering additional oil condensate and natural gas liquid values (NGLs). Increased oil recovery, reducing BS&W and cheaper gas are the results of this patented process.
As of January 5, 2014, all planned maintenance start-up and shutdown (SMSS) must be accounted for and permitted. TCEQ has also had an effective policy change in what is regarded as MSS and may now consider events related to MSS as Alternative Operating Scenarios (AOS). This paper explores the difference in planned vs. unplanned MSS, when it needs to be reported, when and where it must be reported to, and how to properly plan for complying with the regulatory requirements regarding MSS and associated concerns.
In hydraulic fracturing operations, a large fleet of equipment is required to blend and pump fluid down a wellbore to fracture a formation. High horsepower diesel pumps create the force needed to induce fractures within the wellbore, and in the process, can consume 6,000-8,000 gallons of diesel fuel each day.
Available sucker-rod strong design models calculate rod taper lengths that ensure proper operation without premature fatigue failures. Their common design problems are (a) defining the principle of taper length determination, and (b) calculating the true mechanical stresses along the string. The universally accepted principle of taper length calculations is to province the same level of safety against fatigue failure in each taper section.
If no pump action, a recommended practice is to shoot a fluid level down the casing annulus and also shoot a fluid level down the tubing. Distance down the tubing is determined by using the average acoustic velocity obtained from the casing shot. DO NOT use the tubing average joint length to interpret the down tubing fluid level, because inside the tubing rod couplings are spaced at the length of the sucker rods.
Rod Pumping New Drills--sands issues then gas issues-a discussion of rod pump designs for these wells. As a new wells are brought on many times a great deal of sand is coming back through the rod pump. The pump may also experience gas interference then or later on as the fluid level has been down down. This paper will discuss many different rod pump designs and why they would be an effective design, a possible design, or a poor design for sand and gas producing new drills.
The production of the shale oil well at start up can produce high fluid rates with a high energy causing it flow naturally. After this stage, a high rate artificial lift systems such as ESP or Gas lift is required. But because of the rapid depletion of the stimulated zone during the first year (between 60 – 80% in Eagle Ford), the most flexible form of artificial lift available is used, the beam pumping.
The definition of as Gas Locked Pump is both traveling and standing valves remain closed during the entire stroke. Gas Lock of a sucker rod pump occurs if the tubing pressure on top of the plunger is always greater than the pressure inside the pump chamber and if the pump chamber pressure is always greater than he wellbore pressure on the outside at the pump intake. The traveling and standing valve open if pressure below the valve is greater than the pressure above the valve.
Hydraulic tubing anchors have been around for over 30 years, however the technology has greatly improved in recent years. To better understand the dynamics of hydraulic anchors, a test rig was constructed to approximate downhole conditions in terms of depth and holding capacity. The test assembly allows for controlling the perceived depth by way of pressurizing the tubing, or internal bore of the hydraulic anchor. Varying the pressure in the "tubing" simulates the pressures seen at any depth.
Sucker rod pin and coupling failures continue to plague the oil and gas industry and escalate lifting costs. The rod connection is solidly designed and is up to the task of staying together if it is properly treated in the field. Clearly, all paths to the root causes of the premature connection failures lead to field techniques, practices and to unrecognized and uncontrollable variances. The useful life of a sucker rod is clearly dependent in part, to how it is handled in the field.
The performance of downhole gas separators is simulated in software. Different production rates, different sizes of separators, different SPM and different gas bubble rise velocities are simulated to show the performance of different separators and different well conditions. This simulation software is a great aid in educating personnel in the operation, performance, selection and proper design of gas separators. Knowledge and use of this software will help operators increase pump fillage and total production and also reduce operating expenses.
When a high fluid level exists in a well, a tubing anchor can cause free gas to collect below the tubing anchor and restrict production from the formation and liquid entrance to the pump. The operator may think that a gaseous liquid column exists from the top of the fluid level down to the pump, when actually, the gaseous liquid column exists from the top of the fluid level down to the tubing anchor, and free gas exists from the tubing anchor down to the pump. The gas that is collected below the tubing anchor causes back pressure against the formation a
In the past the author has presented several papers on the subject in the title. This would be a third installment with new material and updated solutions from new technology and experiences.
Gas interference in a downhole beam pump causes lower liquid production, lower fillage and energy efficiency, possible mechanical damage, and a lighter gradient up the tubing. A gas separator is used to divert as much gas as possible up the casing and not into the pump. Gas locking has been reported but pump leakage would seem to prevent this in many cases.
Gas interference in a downhole beam pump causes lower liquid production, lower fillage and energy efficiency, possible mechanical damage, and a lighter gradient up the tubing. A gas separator is used to divert as much gas as possible up the casing and not into the pump. Gas locking has been reported but pump leakage would seem to prevent this in many cases.
There are many oil and gas fields across the United States which have been producing for over 100 years or more. The barriers that exist to prevent such extended field life are many. Those issues include: rod and rod pump failures, damage to the tubing, paraffin/ scale deposition and corrosion. All of these can present challenges of how to deal with the problem and correct it, while maintaining economic visibility of a field.
While sucker rod lifting is still the method with the greatest number of installations around the world, the terminology and slang that has developed may not contribute the fully understand what is happening to the lift system and especially what is happening downhole. Without the most appropriate understanding, incorrect diagnoses, troubleshooting, and recommendations to correctly fix problems may not occur.
The Modified Goodman Diagram (MGD) has been used since the 1960s to establish allowable loads and stresses that should be applied to API grade sucker rods. A previous review of factors that affected the fatigue response for sucker rods has been published. This work showed that very conservative nature of the MGD for fatigue performance of rods and prompted that much higher allowable loads/stresses could be applied without causing increases in field failures. This paper will discuss the prior publications and combine the responses from current fati
Pump spacing on fiberglass sucker rods is very important to the performance of the well and fiberglass rods. As gas becomes more of a problem in pumps, the gas compression ratio is even more important. Edge Production Equipment has developed a chart for pump spacing that will help space wells more efficiently and increase the gas compression ratio.